It is a kind of sin offering, but one that requires restitution because someone (whether God or man) suffered deprivation.

Fulfilled in Jesus – active aspect of Christ’s work: He carried out God’s will completely and voluntarily obeyed.  He paid our debt and then some (gifts, fruit of Spirit) to satisfy for reparation of wrong committed.  Thus, we can be reinstated to covenant family. 

Lev. 5:14-19 – Inadvertent sins

  • sins against holy things of the LORD:
    • offer ram without blemish
      • valued in silver shekels
    • restitution = 1 + ⅕ monetary value
      • fulfilled in Jesus who paid all our debts and then gave us gifts, ministries, etc. of the Holy Spirit to live off of (a “taste of the things to come”/ a “downpayment” of the full thing) – see 2 Kings 4 – the oil was enough to pay off debts and also to live on
      • ⅕ could represent a portion of God’s grace
        • 5 = grace/favor (Benjamin given 5x from Joseph; 5 piercings on Jesus at cross; 5 offerings in beginning of Lev. to get right with God; 5 ministries given as grace-gifts by Jesus [Eph. 4]; etc.). 
        • ⅕ = 20% 
          • 20 is double that of 10; doubling speaks of new/resurrection life (e.g. 1 woman gives birth and 1 becomes 2);
          • 10% speaks of a tithe/firstfruits, so double is a grace beyond the new life;
      • 120% is total paid – 120 speaks of transition from flesh to spirit (Noah given 120 years before flesh would be destroyed; Moses lived 120 years; 120 people at Pentecost).
  • Lev. 5:14-16 – sinning against holy places/objects = “committing a violation” = Hebrew, tim’ol ma’al – Ezek. 39:23; Dan. 9:7; Josh. 6:18 (cf. 7:1); 2 Chr. 26:16-18; 28:19-25; 29:19
  • Lev. 5:15-16 – ram usually offered
    • Lev. 14:12, 21; Num. 6:12 – exceptions: male lamb
    • restitution = 1 + ⅕ (20%)
    • forgiveness: guilt offering sacrifice
  • Lev. 5:15-17 – general offenses or violations of law: desecration of God’s name
    • someone feels guilt and begins to suffer (cf. 5:18)
    • atonement: perfect ram

Lev. 6:1-7 – deliberate sins

  • sins against neighbor:
    • lie about a deposit
    • lie about a pledge
    • steal
    • oppresses neighbor
    • lied about something lost and found
  • remedy:
    • restore what was taken
    • add ⅕ value
    • trespass offering: ram
  • vv.1-3 – offenses described
  • vv. 4-6 – procedure for restitution
  • only after someone is restored with a person can they be restored to God (cf. Mt. 5:23-24)
  • Is. 53:10 – guilt offering (?)
    • Jesus paid our sins (Ac. 20:28; 1 Cor. 6:20; 7:23; Rev. 5:9; 14:4